Russian transliteration of names8/6/2023 ![]() ^ It is recommended to use c before i, e, y, j, but cz in all other cases.^ a b c тс is romanized t-s to distinguish it from ц = ts.^ ий is either iy or y, and ый is either y or yy.^ jj is accepted if reverse transliteration is needed.^ a b c Diacritics may be omitted when back-transliteration is not required.= ye after consonants except ч, ш, щ, ж ( ch, sh, shch, zh) = e after ч, ш, щ, ж ( ch, sh, shch, zh) = yo initially, after vowels, and after ъ and ь. ^ a b The digraphs ye and yë are used to indicate iotation at the beginning of a word, after vowels, and after й, ъ or ь. ![]() ^ е = ye initially, after vowels, and after ъ and ь.Transliteration table Common systems for romanizing Russian The system differs from the GOST 52535.1-2006 system in two things: ц is transliterated into ts (as in pre-2010 systems), ъ is transliterated into ie (a novelty). It states that all personal names in the passports must be transliterated by using the ICAO system, which is published in Doc 9303 " Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 3". 320 of the Federal Migration Service of Russia came into force. Because of some differences between the new system and the old one, citizens who wanted to retain the old version of a name's transliteration, especially one that had been in the old pre-2010 passport, could apply to the local migration office before they acquired a new passport. 26, stating that all personal names in the passports issued after 2010 must be transliterated using GOST 52535.1-2006. In 2010, the Federal Migration Service of Russia approved Order No. ![]() In 2006, GOST 52535.1-2006 was adopted, which defines technical requirements and standards for Russian international passports and introduces its own system of transliteration. In 1997, with the introduction of new Russian passports, a diacritic-free English-oriented system was established by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, but the system was also abandoned in 2010. In Soviet international passports, transliteration was based on French rules but without diacritics and so all names were transliterated in a French-style system. Transliteration of names on Russian passports The portion of the system pertaining to the Russian language was adopted by BGN in 1944 and by PCGN in 1947. This particular standard is part of the BGN/PCGN romanization system which was developed by the United States Board on Geographic Names and by the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use. It can be rendered using only the basic letters and punctuation found on English-language keyboards: no diacritics or unusual letters are required, although the interpunct character ( In many publications, a simplified form of the system is used to render English versions of Russian names, typically converting ë to yo, simplifying -iy and -yy endings to -y, and omitting apostrophes for ъ and ь. The BGN/PCGN system is relatively intuitive for Anglophones to read and pronounce. Main article: BGN/PCGN romanization of Russian It may be found in some international cartographic products. The UNGEGN, a Working Group of the United Nations, in 1987 recommended a romanization system for geographical names, which was based on the 1983 version of GOST 16876-71. ISO 9:1995 is the first language-independent, univocal system of one character for one character equivalents (by the use of diacritics) that faithfully represents the original and allows for reverse transliteration for Cyrillic text in any contemporary language. It is based on its predecessor ISO/R 9:1968, which it deprecates for Russian, the two are the same except in the treatment of five modern letters. ISO 9:1995 is the current transliteration standard from ISO. It covers Russian and seven other Slavic languages. ISO/R 9, established in 1954 and updated in 1968, was the adoption of the scientific transliteration by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Names on street and road signs in the Soviet Union were romanizedĪccording to GOST 10807-78 (tables 17, 18), which was amended by newer Russian GOST R 52290-2004 (tables Г.4, Г.5), the romanizations in both the standards are practically identical. The standard was substituted in 2013 by GOST R ISO/ IEC 13, which does not contain romanization, but directly refers to the ICAO romanization ( see below). It was used in Russian passports for a short period during 2010–2013 ( see below). Machine readable passports is an adoption of an ICAO standard for travel documents. It is the official standard of both Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). GOST 7.79-2000 System of Standards on Information, Librarianship, and Publishing–Rules for Transliteration of the Cyrillic Characters Using the Latin Alphabet is an adoption of ISO 9:1995. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply.AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |